Grafted vs. Own Root Roses

What’s the Difference?

At its core, the distinction between grafted and own root roses is simple:

Grafted roses are created by combining two plants – and so remains genetically two different roses. A bud (called the scion) of the desired rose is joined to a root system (rootstock) from another variety. The scion grows above ground, while the rootstock provides vigor and resilience below the ground.

Own root roses grow entirely on their own root system, propagated through cloning methods like cuttings.  These plants are genetically consistent from top to bottom, meaning they are one plant in every sense.

Grafted Rose

So Why Go to the Trouble to Graft?

Growers can acquire significantly more propagation materials by using bud eyes for grafting instead of relying on cuttings for rooting. This method is particularly beneficial when there's a strong demand for a new variety.

Producing a harvestable plant takes 18 months, while it requires 3 years to grow an own-root plant of the same size.

These rootstocks enable growers to cultivate larger plants in a shorter time, satisfying customer needs for roses that establish quickly and bloom sooner. 

Types of Rootstocks used for Grafting

Dr. Huey Rootstock

Pros

• This rootstock is a robust option, yielding a substantial plant that stands tall on its own without the need for staking.

• Dr. Huey rootstock generates blooms that range from average to large in size.

• With a relatively compact root system, it's an excellent choice for growing roses in containers.

• It shows a tolerance to alkaline soil

Cons

• It thrives best in rich soils and requires ample fertilizer and consistent moisture.

• Dr. Huey does not perform well in sandy soils .

• Lifespan 5-12 years

Dr. Huey Rootstock

Fortuniana Rootstock

Pros

• Plants grafted ontoFortuniana rootstock yield bigger flowers compared to those on other rootstocks.

• This rootstock develops a robust and extensive root system.

• It is resistant to nematodes and can thrive in sandy soil conditions.

• Fortuniana is also drought-resistant.

• Lifespan, Long lived, 20 – 40 years

Cons

• Requires staking for support, especially during the initial 3-5 years.

• Suckers need to be managed.

Grafted Roses Summary

Advantages:

Grafted roses usually:

• Arrive as larger, more developed plants, establishing quickly in the garden.

• Adapt well to specific challenges, such as nematode resistance (Rosa Fortuniana) or tolerance for alkaline soils (Dr. Huey).

Challenges:

However, grafted roses can also present unique challenges:

• Suckers: Vigorous shoots from the rootstock can overtake the scion if left unchecked.

• Graft Union Weakness: Over time, the graft union can become knobby and brittle, making the plant more susceptible to diseases or structural problems.

• Shorter Lifespan than own root roses

Although rootstock issues may not be the top priority compared to proper planting and care, the distinctions between Dr. Huey and Fortuniana are significant and should be taken into account when establishing a rose garden. It's essential to keep in mind that the differences mentioned will only become noticeable with adequate plant care. Neither rootstock is a miracle solution, and plants grafted onto either will still need ongoing attention from a gardener.